Process for manufacturing paper tubings



E. KELLER. PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER TUBINGS.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1919.

1,412,018, Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

E, KELLER.-

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PARE R TUBINGS..-

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, i919.

1,412,018. Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

umrsnsrariss mew oer-re EMIL KELLER, or VIENNA, AUsrnrAQ.

rnocnss ron- MANurActrfJRrNe rims. rUBInGs.

19.19.- S erial. No. 299,058.

Specificationof Letters Patjent'. p tnf d pi v Application filed May 22,

' (GRANTEDVUVNDEB THE PROVISIONS cr rn'n Aer or Manon 3,19 21,41 srA'rl 1.,1313.) 1

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that 1 EMIL'KnLLEm/engineer, a citizen of thelRepublie Deutsohosten reich, residing at Vienna, Deutschosterreich, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Manufacturing Paper Tubings, (for which applications have been filed in Austria, filed Oct. 28, 1916; filedAug. '25, 1917; filedlwlar. 30,

1918; Hungary, filed Mav 10, 1917; filed Aug. 30, 1917; filed Jan. 2g, 1919; filedJan. 23, 1919; Germany, filed June 22, 1917; filed Sept. 1, 1917;'Denrnark, filed Dec. 16,1918;

filed Dec; 16. 1918.; Switzerland, filed Dec.

9.; 1918;INether1ands,. filed, Dec.' 31, 1918.; Norge, filed Jan. 6,1919;.S*\veden, filed Dec. 20, 1918; Belgium, filed Jan. 31,1919; Italy, filed Jan. 24:, 1919, "Finland, filed-JarijfZl, 1919;"in France and Turkey doounie'ntsjjto be filed have been forwarded Jan 257.1919, and sew. T, 1918,, respectively, but as, yet no notice has been received of the applications havin been. filed of which the following is a specification. I

In thefart of manufacturing ,tubes, pipes orhose it has already-been proposed toreplace caoutchoue tubesby. tubes or hose of paper having side alls. provided with grooves 01' corrugations running transversely to the tube axis. The grooves 0r corruga tions of this liIlOWIl type of tubes are howerer conrparatively fiat and distant from each other, so that a longitudinal section degree-of cap'acityot resistance against. lat-'- eral strains and a lugh fiexrbllity arehowever of primary importance :for thepractr,

cability of a paper tube. \vhicli, -uu1il-:e the caoutchouc tube, \vill' not return to its original. forinywhen depressed at some place orsquashedor flattened at a sudden bend;

The object of this inventionjis an' im pro ven ent'in the art of. ma nu facturing paper tubes which Will result in a product -WhlC h is a perfect substitute for the india rubber or caoutchouc tubings. The qualities reto the tube by corrugating a plainicylindrical tube nl'suclh a Way that the Walls ofthe I grooves are; closely abutting and 1 are substantiallyperpendicular toethe original pla n surtacegoitxthe tube or to the tube? 21XlfS, S 0 as" toe-act as bracing pieces. M or'eovera, reserve ot material; s accumulated in said corrugations which mavlfpartlyjbe paid out wheneverthkatube issubjectedyto bends .orgdis tortions, Wherebythetube ace quires an increased elasticity.- andflexibility flatten it. A preferred mode o't'c'arryin'g the inventron nto effect conslsts. 1n compressing. a

. 365 as well as havmg'the required "strength; aga nst lateral foroes thathave: theftendenoy to squash thetubeor fto. depress or PZLPBlQtQbG -provided [with comparatively I shallow, grooves L or; corrugationsatcompare;. V tlvely larg'e distance from feachjother in axial 7-5 through; Y

he process tor manutacturing paper tubings. according to. this invention will. be set torth with reterence t0 the accompa 'iys ing drawings forming part ofthis specification, which however shOW only preferred forms of apparatus. for carrying the' inven-i 1:-

tion'into eflect j lirthe drawings:

.. l si g y e p ,by nut 'co-ac, t ing,:-xvithga threaded I V sp ndle; between which parts, the paperjgo tube toqbe,corrugatediis pnshed,orflpulled i V Figure l illustratesa tube. orlio se menu tactured by .the. present; process, partly,- in side elevation scctiong, 1 I FiguresZandfi illustrate portions ofta tube flattened and spread outto show the paperjlayers.

the tube sand Figs. .an'dfG represent-die: grammatically arrangements tor-producing end, Pal-av. in, longitudinal. 1

F 1g. represents. across section through the preparatory groovinggor corrugating preceding the final shaping of thejside walls Qf the tube.)

The improved tube or hose f-con'sists of paper layers 1, the number of WhlCh is suitably chosen accordingto the intended v purpose. The layers are tightly Wound upon quired to attain this object are imparted,

each other on a cylindrical rnandr'el and the V adjoining layers are glued or connected together. The tube thus formed is then provided with grooves or corrugations in planes substantially perpendicular to its axis; which are preferably wound to form a spiral or helix. Asshown in Fig. l the grooves or corrugations closely abut, so that their crests and hollows are of semi-circular shape, the side parts of the grooves onnecting said crests and hollows being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the tube. The said side parts forming, as it were, a series of closely abutting rings constituting the side wall of the tube-or hose, are united to form a single continuous surface by means of the semi-circular crest-s and hollows, thus imparting to the tube a high resistive capacity against transverse forces working substantially perpendicular to the tube axis. Gorrugations or grooves having the form of a sine curve are apt to yield laterally on account of their inclined side parts, if any appreciable pressure is exerted upon them and are crushed or flattened more and more, since only the insuflicient resistance of a plain or only slightly corrugated paper wall will counteract the forces producing a def ormat-ion. Such yielding and flattening of the grooves or corrugations is, however, rendered impossible, if they are arranged to closely abut'in such a way that their side parts will be substantially perpendicular to the tube axis.

Moreover, by means of the closely abutting grooves or corrugations an extraordinary increase'of the flexibility and elasticity of the tube is produced. The side parts of the grooves 3, which are perpendicular to the tube axis, form, as it were, a sort of-store or reserve of material which suffices even in the case of very sudden turns or of ample lengthening or extension of the tube. Even in the case of very sudden bends the tube retains its perfect circular cross section; no depressing or breaking on the inner and no flattening on the outer side will occur, as is the case with ordinary paper tubes having flat and not closely abutting corrugations, which frequently are completely squeezed together at sudden bends of the tube.

A special advantage of the improved paper tube consists in the fact, that the close vicinity of the grooves or corrugations causes the formation of sharp bending edges, which facilitate the return into the original shape after a deformation due to some violent in-- fiuence;

A further increase of the flexibility and elasticity is obtained according to this invention by gluing or cementing the paper layers 1 only at certain places and by distributingthese places uniformly along the circumference of the tube. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, two superposed paper layers are preferably gluedor cemented merely along axial or helical strips or at certain places of such a line or curve, and the places glued of the superposed layers are staggered, in order to obtain a uniform distribution along the whole circumference (see Fig. a). The inner and outer margins of each paper layer are of course likewise glued or cemented to the adjoining layer.

Gluing or cementing only at intervals allows of a very small displacement of the layers relatively to each other, which will occur, when a pull slightly flattening the grooves or corrugations 3 is caused by bending or stretching the tube. This lateral play of the paper layers, however small, adds greatly to the flexibility and elasticity of the tube.

The arrangement for producing the shallow grooves or corrugations essentially consists of aspindle 5 threaded at 6 and of a nut 7, preferably made in two parts. The paper tube to be grooved is led through between spindle 5 and nut 7, the thread of both being arranged at a distance correspond to the thickness of the paper tube,

In the embodiment of the invention shown tation. The paper tube 8, after having first been slightly moistened, is then slipped over the spindle and secured at one end by some suitable locking device'9 to the spindle 5, so as to be able to rotate with said spindle. Then the nut 7 is slid over the end of the paper tube 8 and the spindle together with the tube is rotated. The threads of the nut force the side walls of the tube into the threads of the screw spindle 6, whereby the desired grooves or corrugations are produced. Meanwhile the nut is shifted alongside the spindle (to the left in the drawing). After having passed over the whole tube the nut is put aside or removed and the locking device 9 is released. The grooved or corrugated tube is then secured against rotation, for instance by simply taking hold of it by hand and the spindle 5 is again rotated. The paper tube then slides alongthe spindle and may be removed from it, after having left the threaded part 6 the spindle being for thispurpose lifted from its bearings.

To provide grooves or corrugations along the whole length of the paper tube, the following process may be adopted. After havlng slipped the plain or smooth paper tube 8 over the threaded spindle 5, the nut 7 is put upon its further end at the right in Fig. 5) r dle'is arrested and the grooved or corrugated portions (the right end of the tube in Fig. 5) 1s then secured to the spindle 5 by means of the locking device 9, which in this case bent.

cient for the sharpest 'bendsis however only dl is preferably also threadedat its inner face; The spindle 5 is then again rotated until the nut has passed over the-whole paper tube..

' The grooves or corrugations thus pro .ducedin the side wall of the tube present in a longitudinal sect-ion, as shown in Fig. v6, the form of a more or less flat undulation or sine curve.

as already mentioned, which however, is by far too small to enable' said tube to form an effective substitute for a caoutchouc tube. besides the capacity of such a tube to resist efliciently against transversal strains seeking to depress or flatten the side walls is by far too sniall. I

To increase the flexibility, elasticity and the capacity of resistance against lateral forces, the paper tube, slightly corrugated in the way above set forth, is subjected to a compression in axial direction upon a rod, while still rather moist andis then dried in this condition. .13 I this treatment the grooves orcorrugations'are firmly pressed against each other and very much deepened (Fig. 1) whereby the intermediate side parts between the crests and hollows of the corrugations leaving their originallnCllIlBCl position are assuininga position perpendicular to the tube axis. 7

Such grooves or corrugations im art to the paper tube such a high degree of exibils ity, elasticity, and capacity of resistance against. lateral forces that it forms in every respect a perfect substitute for the india rubber or caoutchouc tube. Such' a tube maybe bent quite sharply as a caoutchouc tube and even more so without being squashed or flattened, this being the result of the fact, that the corrugations folni as it were a store orreserve of material, which maypartlally be paid out, when the tube is A store or reserve of material suiiiobtained,.w'hen the corrugations are of sufficient depth,'i.'e. of a. depth notlessthan the distance between a crest and a hollow, when they are closely abutting, andare afterwards compressed to store up as much material as possible within a given length.-

, This compression, moreover, by causing the side walls of. the corrugations to run transversely to the tube axis, so that they are substantially perpendicular to the Y original plain cylindrical surface of the uncorrugated tube, results in a capacity of resistance against. any deformation-of the cross section of the tube; and against any squashing or depression of the same, which surpasses that j of the I strongest caoutchouc tubes' This capacity of resistance is even still presentat' sharp bends,'. whenever, notwithstanding the fact that part of thereserve of 'material accumulated within the corrugations is paid out to compensate for the increased length Such grooves or corrugations impart a certain flexibility to the paper tube,.

' The-capacity of resistance maybe further 7 increased a without notably impairing the flexibility and elasticity of the tube by 1n-.

creasing the number of the paper layers forming the walls of the tube.

The axial compression of the-corrugated paper tube may be effected simultaneously with the unscrewing of the paper tube from the threaded part 6.. .(Figs 5. and 6.) For this purpose the tube needs. only some pressing in the direction of its escape, to cause the shallow grooves orcorrugations immediately after theyexit from thethreaded Jart (5 to be effectually compressedialong bent ing edges performed by. thescrew threads.-

Drvin -is a ain subse uentl erformed J upon a. rod in this compressed condition.

. In the, modified: form of arrangement.

shown in Fig.- 6,'the nut.7 and. the s'pindle5 reinain stationary while on. thecontrary the tube 8 isrotated around the spindle, and" thus is pulled through between the nut 7 I r and thethreadedpart 6 of the; spindle, with the resultthat the corrugations or. grooves are formed upon its sidewalls. 'Thecorru gated tubethen leaves the apparatus atiits right hand end over, the freepend of-the spindle.

The arrangement shown in Figs;v 5 and'fi' is adaptedonly for corrugating cylindrical tubes of limited'length; If however, in the arrangement according to Fig. 6 the threaded spindleas well as thenut'l' are rotated 1n the same direction, while the tube/1s: secured against rotatlon, the said arrangemcnt will be equally adapted for the treat ment of endless paper" tubes. The papertube to becorrugated inthis caseis shifted. in an axial direction;. it'may be made onthe appar'atusitself by rolling or winding the e 5.' It is preferable to use; screw threads inpaper layers upon an'exte'nsion of the spin l the nut and-'with the arrangement shown in:

Fig. '6also on the spindle, which. are

tapered between thedischarge and'the iads mission end, so that .the threads .will per-form the desired shaping of thewalls only bylzde-' grees and therefore very softly. Besides it;

will be of advantage, especially with "the arrangement accordingto Fig. 6 to impart a rapid rocklngmotion.around the eo netricaxis of the threaded spindle 5 tot e nutn7 theformation of the grooves or'corrugations being thus facilitated and anyroughening or scratching of the paper layers prevented. The process described for producing the preparatory corrugating or groovingpreceding the definite and final shaping allowsv very rapid working notwithstanding the very great simplicity of the apparatusused.

The product thus. obtained is-a paper tube' having absolutely uniform grooves or oorru-- gations with a smoothly polished surface free from crumples or creases. A special advantage of the process consists in the fact that a heavy compression of the paper layers forming the walls of the tube will occur at its passage between the threads of the spindle and the nut 7. As a result of this compression the superposed paper layers will conjointly and uniformly bear every strain. After the axial compression has taken place a tube or hose will be produced from the paper tube, which, owing to the closely abutting grooves or corrugations, is flexible and elastic like a. caoutchouc tube and possesses a high capacity of resistance against depression or flattening.

What I claim is:

l. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends. or'tolatera-l strain which consists in forming a paper tube having a plain cylindrical surface, in moistcning the same, in shaping said surface into a continuous series of ascending and descending peripheral wall parts, closely abutting along their adjacent faces and in subsequently drying the same.

2. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends, or to lateral strain, which consists in forming a paper tube having a plain cylindrical surfaceby gluing together a series of superposed layers of paper in moistening the formed tube, in. shaping its surface into acontinuous series of ascending and descending wall parts closely abutting along their adjacent faces and in subsequently dr ing the same.

3. The art of manufacturing tlexiblei paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends. or to lateral strain, which consists in forming a paper tube having a plain cylindrical surface, in Inoistening the same in shaping its surface into a continuous series of closely abutting peripheral wall parts, substantially perpendicular to the original plain surface of the tube and capable of effective resistance to lateral strain and in subsequently drying the same.

i. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends or to lateral strain, which consists in forming 'a paper tube, having a plain cylindrical surface, in moistening the same. in providing said surface with an uninterrupted series of corrugations'having closely abutting intermediate side parts between their hollows and crests substantially perpendicular to the original plain surface of the tube, the inter-' mediate side parts of said corrugations forming peripheral wall parts of the tube capable of effectively resisting to lateral lateral strain, which consists in forminga paper tube, having a plain cylindrical surface, in inoistening the same, in providing said surface with an uninterrupted series of corrugations running along a helix, the pitch of said helix being so chosen, that the intermediate side parts between the hollows and crests of said corrugations are closely abutting along their adjacent faces, and in subsequently drying the tube, when thus shaped.

(3. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section. when subjected to bends, or let oral strains, which consists in forming a paper tube, having a plain cylindrical surface, in Inoistening the same, in providing said surface with an uninterrupted. series of corrugations, running along a helix and having intermediate side parts between their hollows and crests substantially perpendicular to the original plain surface of the tube, the pitch of said helix being so chosen. that the said intermediate side parts are closely abutting along their adjacent faces and in subsequently drying the same.

7. In the art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings by corrugating a formed and moistcning paper tube having a plain cylindrical surface, compressing the corrugated tube until the side parts ot the corrugations are closely abutting and drying the tube, when compressed. 7

R. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section. when subjected to bends, or to lateral strains, which consists in forming a paper tube, having a plain'cylindrical surface, in moistening' the same, in providing said tube with a continuous seriesof corrugations having inclined intermediate parts between their hollows. and crests, in compressing the corrugated side walls to make the said intermediate side parts closely abut along their adjacent faces and in subsequently drying the tube when thus shaped.

9. The art of n'ianufacturing flexible paper tubings capable'of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends or to lat e'al strains, which consists in forming a paper tube, having a plain cylindrical surface, in moistening the same, in providing said tube with acontinuous and uninterrupt-ed series of corrugations having in clined intermediate parts between their 1101- original plain tube surface, in which they are rendered capable to effectively resist lateral strains and in subsequently drying the tube, when thus shapet Q 7 10. The art of manufacturing flexible paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends orv to lat eral strain, which consists in forming apaper tubev havin aplain cylindrical surface, in-

moistening the same, in providing said surface with a continuous seriesof corrugations having inclined intermediate parts between their hollows and crests in compressing the corrugated side walls, the-depth of the comstrain, which consists in forming a paper tube having a plain cylindricalsurface, in moistening the same, in providing it with a continuous series of corrugations having inclined intermediate parts between their hollows and crests in compressing thecorrugated side walls until the same are assuming a position substantially perpendicular to the original plain surface to provide the tubing with a wall capable of effectively resistingto lateral strains the depth of the corrugationswhen compressed being .not less than the distance between a crest and an adjacent hollow, to form and to accumulate as high a reserve of material as possible within a given length of the tubing to be paid out, when the tubing is subjected to bends and in subsequently drying the tube when thus shaped.

, 12. In the art of manufacturing paper tubings, corrugating a moistened paper tube, having a plain cylindrical surface by passing it between two threaded members each with a pluralityof threads and by causing a relative rotatory movement to take place between one of said members and said tube, the threads on said members being tapered in the axial direction, whereby a gradually increasing depth will be given the coils during their formation on the tube.

13. In the art of manufacturing paper tubings, corrugating a moistened tube having a plain cylindrical surface by passing it between two threaded membersiand by causing a relative rotatory movement to take place between one of said members and the paper tube, to force its side walls into the threads of said members and in compressing the side walls thus corrugated after their having emerged between said members.

14. The art of manufacturing paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section which'consists informing a-paper. tube, hav- -ing a plain cylindrical surface,in moistening the same, in passing it between two threaded and engaging members, by causing a rela tive rotatory movement to take place between one of said members and the tube, to force the side walls of the tube into the threads of said members in compressing the corrugated side walls when emerging between said mem bers and in subsequently drying the tube when thus shaped. i

ings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends or tolateral' strain which consists in forming a paper tube having a plain cylindrical surface and peripheral walls formed by gluing together a series of superposed layers of paper in moistening the same, in passing it between two threaded members, one of them being a spindle and the other a nut, the diameter of the threads differing to an extent corresponding sub-' stantially to the thickness of the superposed paper layers, in causing a relative rotatory movement to take place between one of said members and the tube, to force the side walls of'the tube into the threads of said members thus drawing the tube forward and at the same time heavily compressing the superposed layers forming its side walls, in compressing said tube in axial direction after its having emerged between said threaded members and in subsequently drying the same, when thus shaped.

16. The art of manufacturing paper tubings capable of retaining their cross section, when subjected to bends or to lateral strain, which-consists in forming a paper tube, hav ing a plain cylindrical surface, in moistening the same, in providing said tube surface with a continuous series of corrugations having inclined intermediate parts between their hollows and crests by causing it to pass be:

tween two threaded members, one being a spindle passing through thehollow of the when subjected to bends or to lateralstrains, V

- 5..The art of manufacturingpaper tubtube and the other a nut surrounding it, the

thread ofsaid members differing in their diameter to anextent substantially corresponding to the thickness of the side wall of the tube-in causing relative rotatory movement to take place between said tube andone of said members, thus forcing the" side walls'of the tube into the threads of said members, the pitch of said threads being chosen to allow inclined intermediate parts between the hollowsand crests of the corrugations caused by the threads, in then compressing the corrugated side walls byfexerting an axial pres ing the side walls of a plain cylindrical 13 0 paper tube, compressing its side Walls after their having been corrugated and drying said tube while maintaining it in a compressed state.

18. The art of manufacturing paper tubings forming a plain paper tube by gluing together a series of paper layers, corrugating said tube, moistening the same, exerting an axial pressure onsa-id tube when thus corrugated to cause the side parts of the corrugations to closely abut and drying the tube While maintaining said axial pressure.

19. The art of manufacturing paper tubings, capable of retaining their cross section when subjected to bends or to lateral strain, 

